How Do We Organize Files On Storage Media?

A technique for physically arranging the records of a file on secondary storage devices in called file organization. The files are organized on storage media in the following ways.
Sequential Files.The records in sequential file organization are stored sequentially. The records are normally stored in ascending or descending order. The retrieval of record is also sequential. This type of retrieval is known as sequential access. It means that records are accessed one after the other in the same sequence in which they are stored in the file.
Direct or random files.In direct file organization, a key value of a record is used to determine the location to store the record. Each record is accessed directly without going through the preceding records.

A problem may occur in this type of files known as synonym.Indexed Sequential Files.In indexed sequential file organization, records are stored in ascending order or descending. The order based on a value called key. Additionally, indexed file organization maintains an index in a file.An index consists of key values and the corresponding disk address for each record in the file. Index refers to the place on a disk where a record is stored. The index file is updated whenever a record is added or deleted from the file.