Can Someone Explain Quantum Computing To Me?

A classical computer has a memory made up of bits, where each bit holds either 1or 0. It computes by manipulating these bits, i.e. by transporting these bits from memory to logic gates and back. A quantum computer maintains a vector of qubits. A qubit can hold a one, a zero, or a superposition of these. A quantum computer operates by manipulating these qubits, i.e. by transporting these bits from memory to quantum logic gates and back.Qbits are typically written as |0> and|1>.
Consider first a classical computer that operates on a 3 bit register. At any given time, the bits in the register are in a definite state, such as 101. In a quantum computer, however, the Qbits can be in a superposition of all the allowed states. In fact, the register is described by a wave function: |V> = a|000> + b|001> + c|101>+ where the coefficients a, b, c, are complex numbers whose amplitudes squared are the probabilities to measure the qubits in each state, for example | c | 2 is the probability to measure the register in the state 010.
The basic principle of quantum computation is that the quantum properties of particles can be used to represent and structure data and that quantum mechanisms can be devised and built to perform operations with these data.

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Awesome answer. Thank you. If I had enough points, I would rate you with a 5.

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