Yes! Anaerobic respiration involves fermentation, whereas aerobic doesn't. It depends upon the level of detail you want to go into, but because there isn't any oxygen involved, anaerobic respiration can only do the first stage of aerobic respiration. This causes a build up of a co-enzyme called NADH, which would normally be used in the latter stages of aerobic respiration. Instead it is fermented to either create lactic acid in animals, or ethanol in plants.
The location of anaerobic and aerobic respiration is different too.
The last difference between the two I can think of off the top of my head is that aerobic respiration creates more energy per molecule of substrate than anaerobic, anaerobic is only 2, and aerobic is something like 32 or 34...