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A nuclear reactor is a device in which fission occurs at a controlled rate. Common features of a nuclear reactor are:
(I) Nuclear fuel, generally uranium that has been somewhat enriched in uranium-235 isotope;
(II) A moderator to slow down fast neutrons. Usually graphite or heavy water is used as moderator;
(III) A control device to control the flow of neutrons by absorbing some of them. Generally, boron or cadmium rods that can be moved in or out of the reactor are used for this purpose.
When proper adjustments are made in a reactor such that every fission reaction leads to, on an average, one further reaction, the reaction is said to have become 'critical' and is ready to produce controlled energy.
In several countries nuclear reactors are being used to produce electricity. Besides that, reactors are used to produce radioisotopes. Reactors are also used to produce uranium-238 into plutonium-239, which is fissile and used for atomic bombs.
(I) Nuclear fuel, generally uranium that has been somewhat enriched in uranium-235 isotope;
(II) A moderator to slow down fast neutrons. Usually graphite or heavy water is used as moderator;
(III) A control device to control the flow of neutrons by absorbing some of them. Generally, boron or cadmium rods that can be moved in or out of the reactor are used for this purpose.
When proper adjustments are made in a reactor such that every fission reaction leads to, on an average, one further reaction, the reaction is said to have become 'critical' and is ready to produce controlled energy.
In several countries nuclear reactors are being used to produce electricity. Besides that, reactors are used to produce radioisotopes. Reactors are also used to produce uranium-238 into plutonium-239, which is fissile and used for atomic bombs.
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