Is It Possible To Determine The Genotype Of An Individual With A Recessive Phenotype?

Yes it is. If a person has a recessive phenotype, then assuming your dealing with only 2 alleles (each gene for a characteristic have two alleles), they have to have two of the recessive alleles.
 
For example the dominant allele for brown hair (B) and the recessive allele for blonde hair (b). To have blonde hair the person has to have two of the recessive allele or the dominant allele will overpower it and make the person have brown hair. So if the person has blonde hair - their phenotype then they must have a genotype of bb.

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