What Is Anthrax?

Anthrax is an infectious disease and, in some forms, can be lethal. It is caused by the bacteria bacillus anthracis and, while it is most commonly found in animals, it can be transmitted to humans.

There are 89 known strains of anthrax, with the bacteria found across in the soil across the world. As a result of its preponderance amongst animals, it is most widely found in countries which have no public veterinary service. Anthrax can be transmitted to humans through the intestines, lungs or skin. Respiratory anthrax is the most deadly, manifesting itself through cold-like symptoms followed by complete collapse of the respiratory system. If not treated very soon after infection, the mortality rate from this type of anthrax is close to 100%.

Anthrax rose in prominence around 2001, when the Ames strain, one of the most deadly, was used in the notorious anthrax attacks in the US. Beginning a week after 9/11, letters containing anthrax powder were sent to news offices and senators. In total five people dies as a result of the attacks, and no-one has yet been caught.