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Not all cells are the same but every human being develops from just one cell ~ a fertilised egg. The vast number of different cell types that make up the body come from this one cell because of a process called cell differentiation.
When a sperm fertilises an egg, the zygote starts to divide. For the first few divisions, all the cells are very similar but within about 4 divisions, the ball of cells that will become the embryo already has a top and bottom. As the divisions continue, some cells start to look different from others because different genes within them are being expressed compared to neighbouring cells.
Cells in the embryo called stem cells divide to form cells that then start to differentiate into specific types of body cell ~ nerve cells, intestinal cells, skin cells and so on. When the embryo is fully formed and ready to be born, most of its cells are differentiated. Adult humans do have some stem cells, cells that are capable of becoming different cell types, but most cells are fixed in their role.
When a sperm fertilises an egg, the zygote starts to divide. For the first few divisions, all the cells are very similar but within about 4 divisions, the ball of cells that will become the embryo already has a top and bottom. As the divisions continue, some cells start to look different from others because different genes within them are being expressed compared to neighbouring cells.
Cells in the embryo called stem cells divide to form cells that then start to differentiate into specific types of body cell ~ nerve cells, intestinal cells, skin cells and so on. When the embryo is fully formed and ready to be born, most of its cells are differentiated. Adult humans do have some stem cells, cells that are capable of becoming different cell types, but most cells are fixed in their role.
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