What Is Achondroplasia?

Achondroplasia is an inherited condition that leads to unusually short legs but a typical sized torso and head (dwarfism). It affects about 1 in 20,000 people, and is one of the most common causes of dwarfism.

The core process that goes wrong in achondroplasia is cartilege (in the developing fetus) turning into bone. This happens only very slowly in the limbs, leading to short arms and legs.

People with this condition also tends to have a large forehead as well as miscellaneous other bone abnormalities. Intelligence is not usually affected, though.

Babies with this condition often have low muscle tone and are slow to walk. Other health issues common to achondroplasia are bow legs, over-crowded teeth and spinal problems. Recurring ear infections may feature, leading to some hearing loss.

The condition does not respond to growth hormones. Surgery to lengthen bones is moderately successful, but also painful and distressing. Social interactions are often difficult for people with achondroplasia, both because the world is designed for bigger people and due to prejudice.

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