Newly hatched tadpoles eat their egg jelly, and then move on to algae which you can see them nibbling off the sides of the pond or off the stems and leaves of pond plants. When they are a bit bigger they become more carnivorous and will eat dead fish or other dead tadpoles and worms etc.
If you feel there is not enough natural food in your pond, when they are little you could float a (clean) lettuce leaf or spinach leaf for them. Later on they will happily nibble on fish food or a few morsels of raw mince. Only put in a little of this at a time as you do not want the water to go bad.
My tadpoles do well on this regime, and it helps more of them to survive to froglet stage.