Does The Islamic Religion Believe In The Here After?

Yes, Religion Islam strongly asks its believers to believe in the world hereafter.
Religion Islam says that there is life after here. As soon as person dies or leaves his soul leaves the body, his next life i.e., Life after death begins.
The soul of the person is introduced to the new form he has taken i.e., the form of spirit. And, when the body of person is buried in grave(without coffin but in plain simple white cloth), the soul meets the body again.
And, here in grave the first form of life begins after death in which a person is either punished or rewarded till doomsday based on his actions when he was alive. The kind of punishment inside dark grave can be being bitten by scorpions, snakes or being heated/toasted.
After Life of Grave, comes doomsday life. In this Life person's whole life history is discussed and is given permanent punishment inside Hell or Reward in heaven.

Yes the Islamic religion does believe in the Here after and strongly to.  They know the consequences and EXACTLY what is going to happen on that day of judgment.

Of course it is one of the pillars of islam.This pillar helps a muslim to do good deeds in this world and he abstains from all kinds of evil deeds .It builds in a muslim the feeling of Taqwa i.e fear of ALLAH .A muslim always knows that he will be accountable for all the deeds he does in this world.