Toothache (medically termed odontalgia) is the general ache experienced in or around teeth. It's usually the result of cavities and breaks in teeth, due to exposure of sensitive nerve endings to outside stimuli. At times, however, it may also be a result of heart diseases such as angina, though usually dental hygiene is to blame.
There are quite a few treatments available for toothache, the application of the treatment being, of course, depending on the severity of the ache, the state the tooth is in, and, at times, the expenses incurred in treating toothaches. Root canal is one treatment which involves filling up cavities after treating the open nerve endings. In extremely severe cases, tooth extraction may also be an option. Some people advocate alternative natural/herbal home remedies as well, such as placing tea tree and clove oil on the affected decaying area, but these may not have been medically tested.