What Is The Cause Of Coccidiosis (disease) In Turkeys And Chickens?

A disease of turkeys and chickens—as well as many other animals—coccidiosis is caused by microscopic single-celled animals called coccidian. The coccidian are very host-specific, meaning the species that cause the disease in chickens do not affect turkeys and vice versa. The signs of disease in both chickens and turkeys, however, are very similar.
Primarily a disease of the digestive tract, its damage is caused by multiplication of coccidian in the bird's intestine and ceca.

The organisms destroy cells normally used by the bird for digestion absorption and conversion of the food into body substance. The amount of damage depends on the species of coccidian—some are more damaging than others. The acute types of coccidiosis cause severe tissue damage, hemorrhaging and death. The chronic types may cause a setback and un-thriftiness, making birds unprofitable to raise or produce eggs.

There is no cross-immunity between species of coccidian—in chickens or turkeys. If a bird develops immunity to one species of coccidian after infection by that species, it may still have a disease outbreak when infected by another species.

Coccidians pass through various stages of development, starting and ending with the coccidian oocyst. This microscopic structure is an egg-like capsule, which essentially consists of a wall surrounding a mass of protoplasm, a nucleus, and food substance.

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