It is quite possible that it could show up, as often the employment agency will do a background check for the employer. Since there are credit check companies like Experion, who hold all this information. Your fate lies with the company, and depends on how thorough they are at checking your past financial history.
Secondly the severity of the default, or bad credit record, will also determine how seriously they take it. Also if you have a judgement against you, this is normally something that is a cause for concern for the employer.
If 5 years have past however, and you have solved this problem, you can apply to the company to have your averse credit record removed, and will normally pay a small fee to them to do this.