This is an interesting area of research in scientific studies focusing on animal sensation and perception. Research suggests that a bee has the ability to distinguish between colours. Surprisingly, there are few inventions have been described regarding bee's ability of colour sensation. Bee cannot sense red as a colour rather they consider it as dark grey or black. On the other hand, bee can sense ultraviolet colour, whereas it is the colour that is merely considered as darkness to human.
Studies conducted with the ability of hen to sense colour affirms that they are able to recognise all the colours in a rainbow. That is they are able to understand all the seven colours – violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. Monkey and apes have an excellence in their sense of perceiving colours.
To our surprise, dogs cannot distinguish between colours at all; so far the experiments conducted suggest so. Dogs sense from the visual clues like shape and size as well as they have the great ability of smelling. They respond on the basis of these factors. Various studies suggest that cats are colour-blind as well.
I think that animals (including man) can recognize colours only when they have the vital components "rods & cones" in their eyes. As these are present in the human eye, humans are able to distinguish colours. But (most) animals do not have these. So there is very little chance for them to recognize colours.