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Technically, a chess set has 2 sets of identical shaped pieces. One set is called White and the other Black, although there are elaborate sets that are denoted by other means such as costume or style. On either side of the board 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. These pieces take up the first two rows of the traditional 64 square checkerboards.
On the back row from left to right you start with the rook traditional shaped like a tower. This piece can move vertical or horizontal as many spaces as you want, but cannot jump. Next is the knight, usually in the shape of a horse's head. The knight can jump other pieces and moves in an L formation: two spaces up and one over or one space up and two over. After the knight is the bishop. The two bishops, stationed on either side of the king and queen, move vertically, as many spaces as you want but can not jump and must stay in their "color" square (hence white bishop and black bishop on either side).
The king and queen in the center of your row can move in any direction, with the king taking one square per move and the queen taking as many as you like, and they can also not jump. The eight little pawns can start off by moving forward in their row one, two or three squares at a time, there after one square at a time, and no jumping for them either!
On the back row from left to right you start with the rook traditional shaped like a tower. This piece can move vertical or horizontal as many spaces as you want, but cannot jump. Next is the knight, usually in the shape of a horse's head. The knight can jump other pieces and moves in an L formation: two spaces up and one over or one space up and two over. After the knight is the bishop. The two bishops, stationed on either side of the king and queen, move vertically, as many spaces as you want but can not jump and must stay in their "color" square (hence white bishop and black bishop on either side).
The king and queen in the center of your row can move in any direction, with the king taking one square per move and the queen taking as many as you like, and they can also not jump. The eight little pawns can start off by moving forward in their row one, two or three squares at a time, there after one square at a time, and no jumping for them either!
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