What Is Chloroplasts?

In photosynthetic plant cells, there are membrane bound structure containing a green pigment, called chloroplasts the green pigment is an organic compound, chlorophyll, which helps the cell to observe light energy and utilize it to manufacture food. Chlorophyll molecule resembles the haem group of hum global, a protein used in the transport of oxygen. The main difference between these two molecules is that chlorophyll has Mg++ while haem has Fe++ as the central atom.

Chloroplasts vary in there shape and size with a diameter of about 4-6 um. Under light, microscope they appear to be heterogeneous structures with small granules known as Grana embedded in the matrix. Under electron microscope, a chloroplasts shows there main components, the envelope, the Stroma and the hyracoid, the envelope is form by a double membrane, while Stroma covers most of the volume of the chloroplasts. Stroma is a fluid which surrounds the hyaloids. It contains proteins, some ribosomes and a small circular DNA. It is in this part of the chloroplasts where CO2 is fixed to manufacture sugars.

On the layers of hyaloids chlorophyll molecules are arranged that is why Granum appears to be green. Each Granum is enter-connected with others by the known-green part called interregnum. Membranes of the Grana are sites where sun light energy is tracked and where ATP is formed. Chloroplasts are self-replicating organelles.

chloroplast it's carbohydrate-producing organelles found in green plants and protists.

Organelles in which the energy from sunlight is used to make sugars.