What Is A Statistical Quality Control?

Statistical Quality Control (SQC) refers to the statistical techniques employed for the maintenance of uniform quality in a continuous flow of manufactured products. One of its major tools is the 'control chart', first introduced by W.A. Shewhart, through the application of normal distribution. SQC has been so widely accepted in modern industry that any manufacturing company that does not use these techniques definitely stands at a disadvantage with respect to its competitors.

In large scale industrial production the ultimate aim of the manufacturer is to produce articles or components as uniform as possible at the most economical rate. With all the precision of modern engineering, however, it is a common feature in all production processes that no two items passing off the same machine are exactly alike. Variations in 'quality' of the product (e.g. length of a screw, diameter of ball bearings, thickness of washers, etc) are inevitable. If the variation from the specified standard is not much, the product can be accepted as satisfactory. But if the quality is beyond certain fixed limits, called 'tolerance', the article has to be rejected as defective.

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