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Tuberculosis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and the most common cause of death in HIV-positive adults living in less-developed countries, yet it is a preventable and treatable disease. The percentage of HIV patients having TB ranges from 25-65%. TB accounts for 13% HIV related deaths worldwide. According to WHO/UNAIDS, nearly 39.4 million people are living with HIV/AIDS world wide. Of these, more than half are in Sub – Saharan Africa and nearly a fifth in south and Southeast Asia.
HIV epidemic fuels the TB epidemic in several ways:
By promoting progression to active T.B,
By increasing the risk of reactivation of latent TB infection, as well as
By increasing susceptibility to acquire TB when exposed to the bacilli.
Characteristics of HIV – related TB
The risk of infection after exposure to TB appears to the same for HIV – positive and HIV – negative people.
HIV completely changes the history of TB. Instead of having 90 – 95% containment, there is 60% containment at best in HIV – positive individuals. In HIV patients, TB can occur at any point of time. In early stage of HIV, TB has a typical presentation. More than 50% AIDS patients are affected by TB. The risk increases with the advancing immunosuppression.
HIV epidemic fuels the TB epidemic in several ways:
By promoting progression to active T.B,
By increasing the risk of reactivation of latent TB infection, as well as
By increasing susceptibility to acquire TB when exposed to the bacilli.
Characteristics of HIV – related TB
The risk of infection after exposure to TB appears to the same for HIV – positive and HIV – negative people.
HIV completely changes the history of TB. Instead of having 90 – 95% containment, there is 60% containment at best in HIV – positive individuals. In HIV patients, TB can occur at any point of time. In early stage of HIV, TB has a typical presentation. More than 50% AIDS patients are affected by TB. The risk increases with the advancing immunosuppression.
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