One of my college professors insisted that homework be turned in having a specific format. He required that the paper be divided into 3 sections:
Given: Data provided that was relevant to the problem and/or required for its solution
Find: A clear statement of the desired result and the form it was to be provided in
Solution: The "show your work" section detailing how you got from the "given" to the "find"
Even if you don't formulate your questions in that way, you should think about them in that way. A number of your questions have insufficient "given" information, so it is not possible to get to the "find."

Your G(x) = Ln[x-4] question is not posed as a question. Seemingly a dozen times before, this has been asked as a "what is the domain" question. Please tell what it is you are looking for.

Your mayor/model question lacks models. It is impossible to answer that way.

You asked, "How come you understand it so well?" I added a little vignette to my profile that was written as a letter to the editor of Ode Magazine. It explains a lot about how people can learn things very thoroughly, and why they don't in a conventional classroom.

When I was in school, there were a number of times that I realized at the end of a session of doing homework that I had just spent 2 or 3 hours trying to understand the material well enough that I could work a problem in 5 minutes instead of 15 minutes. Obviously, that's a bad trade if the goal is to get the problems worked. It's a good trade when the goal is to learn the material and to be able to teach it to someone else.

"Mary's salary" answer has been updated. If you turn in my answer, do I get your grade?