What Is Object Oriented Programming Paradigm?

Object oriented programming (OOP), as the name suggests, is a paradigm where we focus real life objects while programming any solution. By focusing real life objects we mean that over solutions revolves around different objects, which represent respective objects in real life situation. We not only write programs to process data, we actually write behaviours of our programming objects, those behaviours are called methods in objected oriented programming. The data elements on which those objects behave, are called data-members/ fields.

In a more in-depth view towards OOP using domain specific terminology, following are the fundamental features we get:

        Encapsulation
        Inheritance
        Re-usability
        Information Hiding

Encapsulation:
        The way we make a logical boundary around behaviours (methods) and data (properties) they work on is called Encapsulation.

Inheritance:
        As in real life, objects in OOP relate to each other in one way or another, the relationship in most of the case is parent/child relationship. The child objects inherent all the functionalities (methods) and data (properties) of their parents.

Re-usability
        Along with inheritance, some other phenomena like method overloading and overriding, provide code-reuse, which is known to be a very basic feature of object oriented programming.

Information Hiding
        When we have ways to reuse our code through one way or other, we are also in need of some security regarding our source code. To protect it from unauthorized access/ alteration. In object oriented programming, this is called Information Hiding and is achieved through "Access Modifiers" which lets us restrict access to all or some parts of our objects methods and/or data.