Albania has proportionally the largest Muslim population in all of Europe, with the exception of Turkey, which is situated at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. According to the most recent census results, Albania's Muslim population is estimated at 2.2 million, or 70% of the country's total population. Although Albania was officially an atheist society during the Communist period, and all public expression of religious beliefs was banned, today most Albanians are Sunni Muslims.

Following Albania, Bosnia-Hercegovina has proportionally the second largest Muslim population in Europe, with 40% of Bosnians, or 1.5 million people, who practice Islam.

Among western European countries with significant immigrant populations, France is home to the most Muslims. Nearly 10% of French citizens are Muslim, amounting to a total of almost 6 million people. In western Europe, France is followed by the Netherlands, which has over 945,000 Muslims, making up 5% of the population.

In the UK, less than 3% of the population is Muslim and most of the 1.6 million citizens who practice Islam were already born in Britain.